Saturday 25 July 2015

Object Oriented Programming in C++ by Robert Lafore - 4th Edition Chapter 2 Solution

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Answers to these questions can be found in Appendix G.

1. Dividing a program into functions
a. is the key to object-oriented programming.
b. makes the program easier to conceptualize.
c. may reduce the size of the program.
d. makes the program run faster.

2. A function name must be followed by ________.

3. A function body is delimited by ________.

4. Why is the main() function special?

5. A C++ instruction that tells the computer to do something is called a ________.

6. Write an example of a normal C++ comment and an example of an old-fashioned /*comment.

7. An expression
a. usually evaluates to a numerical value.
b. indicates the emotional state of the program.
c. always occurs outside a function.
d. may be part of a statement.

8. Specify how many bytes are occupied by the following data types in a 32-bit system:
a. Type int
b. Type long double
c. Type float
d. Type long

9. True or false: A variable of type char can hold the value 301.

10. What kind of program elements are the following?
a. 12
b. ‘a’
c. 4.28915
d. JungleJim
e. JungleJim()

11. Write statements that display on the screen
a. the character ‘x’
b. the name Jim
c. the number 509

12. True or false: In an assignment statement, the value on the left of the equal sign is always
equal to the value on the right.

13. Write a statement that displays the variable george in a field 10 characters wide.

14. What header file must you #include with your source file to use cout and cin?

15. Write a statement that gets a numerical value from the keyboard and places it in the variable
temp.

16. What header file must you #include with your program to use setw?

17. Two exceptions to the rule that the compiler ignores whitespace are ________ and
________.

18. True or false: It’s perfectly all right to use variables of different data types in the same
arithmetic expression.

19. The expression 11%3 evaluates to ________.

20. An arithmetic assignment operator combines the effect of what two operators?

21. Write a statement that uses an arithmetic assignment operator to increase the value of
the variable temp by 23. Write the same statement without the arithmetic assignment
operator.

22. The increment operator increases the value of a variable by how much?

23. Assuming var1 starts with the value 20, what will the following code fragment print out?
cout << var1--;
cout << ++var1;
24. In the examples we’ve seen so far, header files have been used for what purpose?
25. The actual code for library functions is contained in a ________ file.



Exercises






6. On a certain day the British pound was equivalent to $1.487 U.S., the French franc was
$0.172, the German deutschemark was $0.584, and the Japanese yen was $0.00955.
Write a program that allows the user to enter an amount in dollars, and then displays this
value converted to these four other monetary units.

7. You can convert temperature from degrees Celsius to degrees Fahrenheit by multiplying
by 9/5 and adding 32. Write a program that allows the user to enter a floating-point number
representing degrees Celsius, and then displays the corresponding degrees
Fahrenheit.

8. When a value is smaller than a field specified with setw(), the unused locations are, by
default, filled in with spaces. The manipulator setfill() takes a single character as an
argument and causes this character to be substituted for spaces in the empty parts of a
field. Rewrite the WIDTH program so that the characters on each line between the location
name and the population number are filled in with periods instead of spaces, as in
Portcity.....2425785

9. If you have two fractions, a/b and c/d, their sum can be obtained from the formula
a c a*d + b*c
--- + --- = -----------
b d b*d
For example, 1/4 plus 2/3 is
1 2 1*3 + 4*2 3 + 8 11
--- + --- = ----------- = ------- = ----
4 3 4*3 12 12
Write a program that encourages the user to enter two fractions, and then displays their
sum in fractional form. (You don’t need to reduce it to lowest terms.) The interaction
with the user might look like this:
Enter first fraction: 1/2
Enter second fraction: 2/5
Sum = 9/10
You can take advantage of the fact that the extraction operator (>>) can be chained to
read in more than one quantity at once:
cin >> a >> dummychar >> b;

10. In the heyday of the British empire, Great Britain used a monetary system based on
pounds, shillings, and pence. There were 20 shillings to a pound, and 12 pence to a
shilling. The notation for this old system used the pound sign, £, and two decimal points,
so that, for example, £5.2.8 meant 5 pounds, 2 shillings, and 8 pence. (Pence is the plural
of penny.) The new monetary system, introduced in the 1950s, consists of only pounds
and pence, with 100 pence to a pound (like U.S. dollars and cents). We’ll call this new
system decimal pounds. Thus £5.2.8 in the old notation is £5.13 in decimal pounds (actually
£5.1333333). Write a program to convert the old pounds-shillings-pence format to
decimal pounds. An example of the user’s interaction with the program would be
Enter pounds: 7
Enter shillings: 17
Enter pence: 9
Decimal pounds = £7.89
In most compilers you can use the decimal number 156 (hex character constant ‘\x9c’)
to represent the pound sign (£). In some compilers, you can put the pound sign into your
program directly by pasting it from the Windows Character Map accessory.

11. By default, output is right-justified in its field. You can left-justify text output using the
manipulator setiosflags(ios::left). (For now, don’t worry about what this new notation
means.) Use this manipulator, along with setw(), to help generate the following output:
Last name First name Street address Town State
------------------------------------------------------------
Jones Bernard 109 Pine Lane Littletown MI
O’Brian Coleen 42 E. 99th Ave. Bigcity NY
Wong Harry 121-A Alabama St. Lakeville IL

12. Write the inverse of Exercise 10, so that the user enters an amount in Great Britain’s new
decimal-pounds notation (pounds and pence), and the program converts it to the old
pounds-shillings-pence notation. An example of interaction with the program might be
Enter decimal pounds: 3.51
Equivalent in old notation = £3.10.2.
Make use of the fact that if you assign a floating-point value (say 12.34) to an integer
variable, the decimal fraction (0.34) is lost; the integer value is simply 12. Use a cast to
avoid a compiler warning. You can use statements like
float decpounds; // input from user (new-style pounds)
int pounds; // old-style (integer) pounds
float decfrac; // decimal fraction (smaller than 1.0)
pounds = static_cast<int>(decpounds); // remove decimal fraction
decfrac = decpounds - pounds; // regain decimal fraction
You can then multiply decfrac by 20 to find shillings. A similar operation obtains pence.

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